A power supply unit (PSU) is a critical component of any computer system, determining the stability and reliability of all components. In this article, we will explore in detail the structure, types, characteristics, and nuances of choosing a quality power supply.
Introduction to Power Supply Units
A power supply unit (PSU) converts alternating current from an electrical outlet into the direct current needed for computer components to operate. The quality and reliability of the PSU directly impact the safety and longevity of the entire computer system.
Basic Power Supply Characteristics
Power and Nominal Rating
Power supply wattage is measured in watts (W) and determines how much electrical energy it can stably supply. Modern desktop PSUs range from 300 to 1200 W. When choosing, consider:
- Total power consumption of all PC components
- Potential future upgrades
- Power reserve for stable operation
Connectors and Connections
Modern power supplies have the following main connector types:
- 20+4-pin ATX: Motherboard main power
- 4+4-pin CPU: Processor power
- 6+2-pin PCIe: Graphics card power
- SATA: For hard drives and SSDs
- Molex: Outdated but still used connector
Efficiency Certificates
Efficiency certificates (Bronze, Silver, Gold, Platinum, Titanium) show the PSU's efficiency:
- 80 Plus Bronze (82-85% efficiency): Basic level, minimal energy losses
- 80 Plus Silver (85-88% efficiency): Improved energy efficiency
- 80 Plus Gold (87-90% efficiency): High quality, recommended for most systems
- 80 Plus Platinum (90-92% efficiency): Professional level
- 80 Plus Titanium (94-96% efficiency): Maximum efficiency
Power Supply Modularity
Modern PSUs come in:
- Non-modular: All cables are permanently soldered
- Semi-modular: Some cables are permanently attached, some are removable
- Fully modular: All cables can be disconnected, which improves aesthetics and air circulation
Cooling and Reliability
A quality power supply has:
- Large 120-mm fan
- Rolling bearings
- Temperature control system
- Protection from overheating and voltage spikes
Protection Technologies
- OVP (Over Voltage Protection): Protection against voltage excess
- UVP (Under Voltage Protection): Protection against voltage drop
- OCP (Over Current Protection): Protection against current excess
- SCP (Short Circuit Protection): Protection against short circuits
Purchasing Recommendations
When buying a power supply, pay attention to:
- Manufacturer and brand reputation
- Presence of quality certificates
- Warranty obligations
- Power compatibility with your system
- Noise level
Conclusion
A power supply is not just another PC component. It is the heart of a computer system, upon which the stability, safety, and longevity of all components depend. A thoughtful PSU selection is the key to reliable computer operation.